遥感技术用于固体力学实验研究的新成果

在岩石、混凝土和钢材加载直到破坏的过程中用红外和微波遥感技术进行了观测研究．发现这些材料在加载过程中其红外和微波辐射温度、红外辐射波谱及红外热像均随应力的变化而变化．材料破坏前这些变化表现出某些前兆性特征．研究表明遥感技术可作为固体力学研究的一种新手段，并可望在工程上得到应用     

功能纳米材料研究进展——唐智勇研究员及其团队专访

正功能纳米材料是化学、物理、生物和材料科学多学科交叉的前沿,是纳米科技发展的基础。功能纳米材料集中体现了小尺寸、精准控制、高集成度和强相互作用等现代科学技术发展的特点,是将量子力学效应工程化或技术化的最好载体之一,呈现独特的光、电、磁、机械和催化等性质,在物理、生物、化学和材料学领域中都有广泛的研究和应用前景。     

用气室法研究分子反应动力学的新进展

介绍了研究分子反应动力学的两大主要实验方法之一的气室法、在研究有热原子参与的反应所取得的新进展，讲述了此方法“新用”的理论依据及相应的实验条件，至此，可以获得对分子反应动力学更精细的信息，例如，态－态分辨的微分反应截面，并对两大方法进行了“现代”对比。还对两方法的发展前景作了适度的分析。     

THE NONLINEAR MAGNETOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF 〈 110 〉 ORIENTED TBo.27DYo.73FE1.95 POLYCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS UNDER COUPLED MAGNETOMECHANICAL LOADING

In the paper, the nonlinear magnetoelastic properties of composition Tb0.27Dy0.73 Fel.95 〈 110 〉 oriented polycrystalline alloys are investigated under coupled loads of high mag- netic field and compressive stress. The magnetization and magnetostriction are measured simul- taneously under applied magnetic field from -800 to 800 kA/m and compressive stress from 0 to 25 MPa at room temperature. The strain coefficient and relative permeability are obtained by differential calculation from the experimental curves. The results show that the values of satura- tion magnetization （M~） under different compressive stresses remain invariably constant in the region of the high magnetic field. The saturation magnetostriction （As） increases with increasing compressive stress and reaches 1680 ~ 10-6 under 25 MPa. According to the increase of the com- pressive stress, the hysteretic loop area of magnetization and magnetostriction increases, while the maximum relative permeability and strain coefficient decrease. Additionally, the influence of the bias magnetic field on the mechanical property is taken into account. The stress-strain relation- ship is nonlinear and sensitive to the applied external magnetic fields along the axis of rod. The results obtained are a useful complement to the existing experiments for theoretical approaches and engineering applications.     

A.第十九届国际高速摄影和光子学会议概况

本文对第19届国际高速摄影与光子学会议做了简介,主要谈到了光机式相机、高速视频技术、全息和干涉计量。     

摄像CCD

本文对用作成象传感器的电荷耦合器件(CCD)首先进行了一般性技术介绍。概括了大量的最新文献,涉及到许多物理学特性和电路技术。同时较全面地介绍了主要厂家的产品。对于CCD图象传感器的目前的应用和潜在应用也作了叙述。     

BD-1型高精度Bragg衍射仪θ角微位移驱动系统

研制出一种角度微位移驱动系统,并成功地用于BD-1高精度布拉格衍射仪。该系统精度高,稳定可靠,既可手工调节,亦可计算机控制,控制灵敏度0.29″/V,精度V=±0.12″。文中介绍了进行角度精密微调的原理和方法,介绍了线路原理。     

自由电子激光器的小信号时域研究

本文推导了自由电子激光器中光脉冲的时间进展方程,数值研究了它的定态解。给出了不同调谐参数和峰值增益参数时的本征值和同步失配的关系,以及不同耦合参数时的光脉冲形状。计算结果与Dattoli的超模理论结果作了比较。     

A THEORETICAL APPROACH TO P_(co_2) EVOLUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE BASED ON ASSOCIATIONS OF SEDIMENTARY MINERALS

Based on the theory of pH evolution of sea water and the balance between the seawater and the atmosphere the authors discussed the problems about (i) the method ofcalculating P_(CO_2) in the ancient atmosphere with the associations of sedimentary miner-als; (ii) the evolution of P_(CO_2) values in the geologic history; (iii) the relations of thepH evolution of sea water with carbonate precipitations; and (iv) calculation of the pHlimit for some associations of sedimentary minerals and its corresponding P_(CO_2) valuesin the atmosphere. The authors pointed out that though carbonates had deposited little in the Archaean,the content of CO_2 gas in the Archaean atmosphere was very high and was gradually go-ing up to form a thick CO_2 atmosphere. Up to 2600 Ma ago, the P_(CO_2) had reached a gradeof 10- 50 atm. There was a general trend of evolution that from the early Proterozoicera to the present the depositional horizon of carbonate layers was gradually risingand finally surpassed the horizons of clay min     

~1H SPIN SYSTEM IDENTIFICATIONS OF S-SULFONATED INSULIN B CHAIN WITH 2D-NMR

Resonance assignments of the ~1H spectrum of insulin are the basis on which to investi-gate its solution conformation by using NMR method. Owing to the complicated aggregationbehaviour of the molecule to give broadened n. m. r. lines, only limited resonance assignmentshave been reported. S-sulfonated A and B chains of insulin gave ~1H spectra with good reso-lutions. Based on the 500 MHz absolute 2D-COSY spectrum and 400 MHz phase sensitiveDQF-COSY, Relayed-COSY and NOESY spectra of B chain recorded in D_2O, all of thespin system identifications of the non-labile protons in the S-sulfonated B chain of insulinwere reported including the specific resonance assignments of eight residues: B_3Asn, B_9Ser,B_(16)Tyr, B_(22)Arg, B_(26)Tyr, B_(27)Thr, B_(28)Pro and B_(29)Lys. The pK values of B_(16) and B_(26) tyrosineare 10.65 and 10.60 respectively from pH titration.